Laravel - Error "Unable to prepare route [/] for serialization. Uses Closure."

Question

I'm new to Laravel and now i manage project that was left by someone.

i try to add a function to API, what i edit :

1) Add a Method :

myproject/app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArticleController.php

2) Add Routes to controler :

myprojectmyproject/routes/api.php

However, when i try to run php artisan route:cache i got below error :

Route cache cleared! \n LogicException : Unable to prepare route [/] for serialization. Uses Closure.

my route file, myproject/routes/api.php :

Route::group (['prefix' => 'v1', 'middleware' => 'ValidateHeaderSignature'], function() {

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'auth'], function() {
        Route::post('/login', 'Api\AuthController@login');
        Route::post('/register', 'Api\AuthController@register');
        Route::post('/login-social-media', 'Api\AuthController@loginSocialMedia');
        Route::post('/forgot-password', 'Api\AuthController@forgotPassword');        
        Route::group(['middleware' => 'jwt.auth'], function() {
            Route::patch('/change-password', 'Api\AuthController@changePassword');
            Route::post('/logout', 'Api\AuthController@logout');
        });
    });


    Route::group(['prefix' => 'foundation-donate'], function() {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\FoundationDonateController@index');
    });

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'greeting-chat'], function() {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\GreetingChatController@index');
    });

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'prayer-time'], function () {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\PrayerTimeController@index');
        Route::get('/montly', 'Api\PrayerTimeController@getMontlyPrayerTimes');
    });

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'asmaul-husna'], function () {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\AsmaulHusnaController@index');
    });


    Route::group(['prefix' => 'guidance'], function () {
        Route::get('/zikir', 'Api\GuidanceController@zikirGuidances');
        Route::get('/prayer', 'Api\GuidanceController@prayerGuidances');
    });


    Route::group(['prefix' => 'duas'], function () {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\DuasController@index');
        Route::get('/index', 'Api\DuasController@index');
        Route::get('/all', 'Api\DuasController@allPrayers');
        Route::get('/category/{category}', 'Api\DuasController@category');
        Route::get('/show/{id}', 'Api\DuasController@show');
    });

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'zakat'], function () {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\ZakatController@index');
        Route::get('/index', 'Api\ZakatController@index');
        Route::get('/all', 'Api\ZakatController@allPrayers');
        Route::get('/category/{category}', 'Api\ZakatController@category');
        Route::get('/show/{id}', 'Api\ZakatController@show');
    });

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'playlist'], function () {
        Route::get('/zikir', 'Api\PlaylistSongController@playlistZikir');
        Route::get('/shalawat', 'Api\PlaylistSongController@playlistShalawat');
        Route::get('/duas', 'Api\PlaylistSongController@playlistDuas');
        Route::get('/murottal', 'Api\PlaylistSongController@playlistMurottal');
        Route::get('/songs', 'Api\PlaylistSongController@playlistSongs');
    });

    Route::group(['prefix' => 'dzikir'], function() {
        Route::get('/primary', 'Api\DzikirController@primaryDzikir');
        Route::get('/my-dzikir', 'Api\DzikirController@myDzikir');
        Route::get('/categories', 'Api\DzikirController@dzikirCategories');

        Route::group(['middleware' => 'jwt.auth'], function() {
            Route::get('/point-total', 'Api\DzikirController@pointTotal');
            Route::get('/histories', 'Api\DzikirController@histories');
            Route::get('/total-dzikir-history', 'Api\DzikirController@totalDzikirHistory');
            Route::post('/post-dzikir', 'Api\DzikirController@postDzikir');
        });
    });
    Route::group(['prefix' => 'sadaqah'], function() {
        Route::group(['middleware' => 'jwt.auth'], function() {
            Route::get('/histories', 'Api\DzikirController@sadaqahHistories');
        });
    });
    Route::group(['prefix' => 'article'], function() {
        Route::get('/', 'Api\ArticleController@index');
        Route::get('/daily-reflection', 'Api\ArticleController@getDailyReflection');
        Route::get('/get-random', 'Api\ArticleController@getRandom');
    });


    Route::group(['prefix' => 'notification'], function() {
        Route::get('/quote', 'Api\NotificationController@prayerQuotes');
    });


    Route::group(['prefix' => 'user', 'middleware' => 'jwt.auth'], function() {
        Route::get('/show', 'Api\UserController@show');
        Route::patch('/update-profile', 'Api\UserController@update');
    });
    Route::group(['prefix' => 'master'], function() {
        Route::get('/location', 'Api\MasterController@location');
    });

});

if i got error because of Uses Closure, why previous developer can populate route?

by run php artisan route:list i can see list of route that have ever made before.

any idea ?

===Update, Add routes/web.php

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});
Auth::routes(['register' => false]);
Route::get('/home', 'HomeController@index')->name('home');
Route::get('register/activation/{code}', 'Auth\\RegisterController@activation')->name('register.activation');
Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'middleware' => ['auth']], function() {
    Route::get('/user-apps/list-index', ['as' => 'user-apps.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\UserAppsController@listIndex']);
    Route::get('/user-apps/resend-confirmation', ['as' => 'user-apps.resend-confirmation', 'uses' => 'Admin\\UserAppsController@resendConfirmation']);
    Route::resource('/user-apps', 'Admin\\UserAppsController');
    Route::get('/user/list-index', ['as' => 'user.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\UserController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/user', 'Admin\\UserController');
    Route::get('/dzikir-playlist-category/list-index', ['as' => 'dzikir-playlist-category.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistCategoryController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/dzikir-playlist-category', 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistCategoryController');

    Route::get('/dzikir-playlist/list-index', ['as' => 'dzikir-playlist.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/dzikir-playlist', 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistController');

    Route::get('/dzikir-playlist-homepage/list-index', ['as' => 'dzikir-playlist-homepage.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistHomepageController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/dzikir-playlist-homepage', 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistHomepageController');
    Route::get('/dzikir-playlist-my-zikir/list-index', ['as' => 'dzikir-playlist-my-zikir.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistMyZikirController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/dzikir-playlist-my-zikir', 'Admin\\DzikirPlaylistMyZikirController');
    Route::get('/greeting-chat/list-index', ['as' => 'greeting-chat.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\GreetingChatController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/greeting-chat', 'Admin\\GreetingChatController');
    Route::get('/foundation-donate/list-index', ['as' => 'foundation-donate.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\FoundationDonateController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/foundation-donate', 'Admin\\FoundationDonateController');
    Route::get('/asmaul-husna/list-index', ['as' => 'asmaul-husna.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\AsmaulHusnaController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/asmaul-husna', 'Admin\\AsmaulHusnaController');
    Route::get('/guidance/list-index', ['as' => 'guidance.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\GuidanceController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/guidance', 'Admin\\GuidanceController');
    Route::get('/content-category/list-index', ['as' => 'content-category.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\ContentCategoryController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/content-category', 'Admin\\ContentCategoryController');
    Route::get('/duas/list-index', ['as' => 'duas.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\DuasController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/duas', 'Admin\\DuasController');
    Route::get('/zakat/list-index', ['as' => 'zakat.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\ZakatController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/zakat', 'Admin\\ZakatController');
    Route::get('/quote/list-index', ['as' => 'quote.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\QuoteController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/quote', 'Admin\\QuoteController');
    Route::get('/playlist-song-category/list-index', ['as' => 'playlist-song-category.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\PlaylistSongCategoryController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/playlist-song-category', 'Admin\\PlaylistSongCategoryController');
    Route::get('/playlist-song/list-index', ['as' => 'playlist-song.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\PlaylistSongController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/playlist-song', 'Admin\\PlaylistSongController');
    Route::get('/album/list-index', ['as' => 'album.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\AlbumController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/album', 'Admin\\AlbumController');
    Route::get('/artist/list-index', ['as' => 'artist.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\ArtistController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/artist', 'Admin\\ArtistController');
    Route::get('/article/list-index', ['as' => 'article.list-index', 'uses' => 'Admin\\ArticleController@listIndex']);
    Route::resource('/article', 'Admin\\ArticleController');
});

Answer 1

When you want to use route caching, you can't use closure to register routes in any file.

As you still have the default route from the fresh Laravel installation in your routes/web.php file, you get this error because when you do php artisan route:cache, Laravel under the hood selializes the routes files and combine them in a single one as the lookup would be quicker.

To solve the issue, you can simply remove the route if that is unneeded or move it to a controller like you did for all the others routes. The error should be gone then.