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SpringBoot provides @WebMvcTest annotation to test Spring MVC Controllers. Also, @WebMvcTest based test run faster because it will load only the specified controller and its dependencies only without loading the entire application. Spring Boot instantiates only the web layer rather than the whole application context.
As said in this article you should use MockMvc when you want to test Server-side of application: Spring MVC Test builds on the mock request and response from spring-test and does not require a running servlet container.
MockMvc provides support for Spring MVC testing. It encapsulates all web application beans and makes them available for testing. We'll initialize the mockMvc object in the @BeforeEach annotated method, so that we don't have to initialize it inside every test.
The @SpringBootTest annotation is useful when we need to bootstrap the entire container. The annotation works by creating the ApplicationContext that will be utilized in our tests. We can use the webEnvironment attribute of @SpringBootTest to configure our runtime environment; we're using WebEnvironment.
@SpringBootTest is the general test annotation. If you're looking for something that does the same thing prior to 1.4, that's the one you should use. It does not use slicing at all which means it'll start your full application context and not customize component scanning at all.
@WebMvcTest is only going to scan the controller you've defined and the MVC infrastructure. That's it. So if your controller has some dependency to other beans from your service layer, the test won't start until you either load that config yourself or provide a mock for it. This is much faster as we only load a tiny portion of your app. This annotation uses slicing.
Reading the doc should probably help you as well.
@SpringBootTest annotation tells Spring Boot to go and look for a main configuration class (one with @SpringBootApplication for instance), and use that to start a Spring application context. SpringBootTest loads complete application and injects all the beans which can be slow.
@WebMvcTest - for testing the controller layer and you need to provide remaining dependencies required using Mock Objects.
Few more annotations below for your reference.
Testing slices of the application Sometimes you would like to test a simple “slice” of the application instead of auto-configuring the whole application. Spring Boot 1.4 introduces 4 new test annotations:
@WebMvcTest - for testing the controller layer
@JsonTest - for testing the JSON marshalling and unmarshalling
@DataJpaTest - for testing the repository layer
@RestClientTests - for testing REST clients
Refer for more information : https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web/
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