Difference between os.chmod, os.fchmod and os.lchmod

Question

I want to change file modes with Python.

The os module has three functions that seem functionally equivalent:

• os.chmod
• os.fchmod
• os.lchmod

What are the differences between these three versions?

Answer 1

chmod is used to change the file permissions of a file specified by path.

fchmod is used to change the file permissions of a file specified by file descriptor.

lchmod is similar to chmod() but does not follow symbolic links.

You can read more in the man page