"can't write unknown attribute"

Question

I run as my textbook says, but error occurs. It's a book management application.

What I want to run

irb(main):001:0>publisher = Publisher.create name: 'Gihyo inc.', address: 'Ichigaya'
irb(main):002:0>publisher.books << Book.find(1)
irb(main):003:0>publisher.books.to_a

result

First,

irb(main):001:0>publisher = Publisher.create name: 'Gihyo inc.', address: 'Ichigaya'

seems succeeded.

Next,

irb(main):002:0>publisher.books << Book.find(1)

failed.

The result is as follows.

 Book Load(0.6ms) SELECT "books".* FROM "books" WHERE "books"."id" = ? LIMIT 1 [["id", 1]]
  (4.0ms) begin transaction
  (0.3ms) rollback transaction
ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: can't write unknown attribute `publisher_id'
   from ...

related models

book.rb

class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
 scope :costly, ->{where("price>?" ,3000) }

 belongs_to :publisher
end

publisher.rb

class Publisher < ActiveRecord::Base
 has_many :books
end

related migrations

20141218113551_create_publishers.rb

class CreatePublishers < ActiveRecord ::Migration
 def change
  create_table :publishers do |t|
   t.string :name
   t.text :address

   t.timestamps
  end
 end
end

20141218113811_add_publisher_id_to_books.rb

class AddPublisherIdToBooks < ActiveRecord::Migration
 def change
  add_reference :books, :publisher, index: true
 end
end

What is wrong?

Answer 1

I fixed this error after changing -

belongs_to :user, counter_cache: :true

to this - belongs_to :user, counter_cache: true

Notice the boolean, I was using as a symbol...which was totally incorrect.