Appending columns to a file using awk

Question

I have a somewhat long awk script and I want to append two columns at the "right hand side" of the file. I have the following file in progress:

Node    temporary_Temperature   steady_Temperature  temporary_Sight steady_Sight    
1                   x                   x                   -                   -                   
2                   x                   x                   -                   -                   
3                   -                   -                   -                   -                   
4                   -                   -                   -                   -                   
5                   x                   x                   x                   -                   
6                   -                   -                   -                   -                   
7                   -                   -                   -                   -                   
8                   -                   -                   -                   -                   
9                   -                   -                   -                   -                   
10                  -                   -                   -                   -                   
11                  -                   -                   -                   -                   
12                  -                   -                   -                   -                   
13                  x                   x                   -                   -                   
14                  x                   x                   -                   -                   
15                  x                   -                   -                   -                   
16                  -                   -                   -                   -                   

The data are already written to a file and I want to iterate the lines in this file using awk and, let's say, append two more columns. At the header row I want to append the columns foo and bar, and thereafter append x or - to each line depending on other stuff. How can I achieve this? Since I am in the middle of a longer script I do not want to use sed unless there is some way to invoke sed from within an awk script amd print to the same file?

Answer 1

The problem you may face here is that whenever awk modifies fields, it re-writes your $0, replacing IFS with OFS. If your FS is "any amount of whitespace" (the default FS), and it gets replaced with "a space" (the default OFS), you lose formatting.

To demonstrate:

[ghoti@pc ~]$ printf 'one    two\tthree\n'
one    two      three
[ghoti@pc ~]$ printf 'one    two\tthree\n' | awk '{$4 = "four"} 1'
one two three four

If you don't really want to modify the fields of each line, and you just want to apend a string, you can do that without rewriting your field separators:

[ghoti@pc ~]$ printf 'one    two\tthree\n' | awk '{print $0 "\tfour"}'
one    two      three   four

Without seeing your script, or the kind of data you want to append, it's difficult for me to provide specific examples that I know will be applicable to your situation, but here's an example to get you started:

  NR == 1 {
    print $0 "\tfoo\tbar";
    next;
  }
  {
    print $0 "\t" (conditionone ? "x" : "-") "\t" (conditiontwo ? "x" : "-");
  }

If you need help crafting the conditions, please include them in your question. I've used short-forms in the code above; you could obviously space things out and make multiple-line prints using printf(), or set variables based on the two conditions to be included in your print.

As an alternative, you could just re-do your formatting as you go through the input data. For example (assuming the trailing spaces in your question are really what your input file looks like):

BEGIN {
  fmt="%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s%-20s%s\n";
}

NR == 1 {
  printf("%s%12s%-20s%-20s\n", $0, " ", "foo", "bar");
  next;
}

{ foo="-"; bar="-"; }

conditionone { foo="x"; }
conditiontwo { bar="x"; }

{
  printf(fmt, $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, foo, bar);
}

You'd probably have to fiddle with your spacing on line 1.

Answer 2

If it's the formatting that's a problem, pipe the output through column -t

Example:

awk '
    NR==1 {print $0, "foo", "bar"; next} 
    {print $0, ($2=="x"?"-":"x"), ($4=="x"?"-":"x")}
' file | column -t

outputs

Node  temporary_Temperature  steady_Temperature  temporary_Sight  steady_Sight  foo  bar
1     x                      x                   -                -             -    x
2     x                      x                   -                -             -    x
3     -                      -                   -                -             x    x
4     -                      -                   -                -             x    x
5     x                      x                   x                -             -    -
6     -                      -                   -                -             x    x
7     -                      -                   -                -             x    x
8     -                      -                   -                -             x    x
9     -                      -                   -                -             x    x
10    -                      -                   -                -             x    x
11    -                      -                   -                -             x    x
12    -                      -                   -                -             x    x
13    x                      x                   -                -             -    x
14    x                      x                   -                -             -    x
15    x                      -                   -                -             -    x
16    -                      -                   -                -             x    x